Disclosure: I use GPT search to collection facts. The entire article is drafted by me.
Introduction
Modern AI systems are rapidly evolving beyond simple text generation into sophisticated, context-aware applications that can reason, plan, and interact with external tools. Understanding the core technologies that power these systems is crucial for anyone working with AI applications today.
This comprehensive analysis examines twelve fundamental technologies that are reshaping how we build, deploy, and optimize large language model applications. From the Model Context Protocol revolutionizing tool integration to advanced retrieval techniques like GraphRAG, these technologies represent the building blocks of next-generation AI systems.
1. Model Context Protocol (MCP): Standardizing AI Tool Integration
The Model Context Protocol represents a paradigm shift in how AI systems connect to external tools and data sources. Introduced by Anthropic in November 2024, MCP addresses the critical challenge of AI agents accessing…
